By MDT Daniele Rondoni.

This clinical report reveals why you should start:

• using fewer ceramic elements
• choosing minimal ceramic layering
• opting for micro-cutback solutions

without missing the quality and value of your restorations.

Advances in materials development and computer-aided processing allow for more streamlined workflows and an improved collaboration between the dental office and laboratory. In order to benefit from the new options, however, it is important that dental technicians embrace their new responsibilities: they need to keep track of the latest changes and need to acquire profound knowledge of how to leverage the materials’ and technologies’ full potential. Being open for new approaches and restoration techniques is part of this game. In return for their efforts, they will be able to achieve unparalleled aesthetic accuracy in a more efficient procedure.

The evolution of dental zirconia is an excellent example for advances in the field of dental materials: many modern zirconia discs have multi-layered structures and natural tranlucencies. Offering top-level performance and high versatility, these variants are increasingly often the materials of choice for the production of high-quality restorations.

The "KATANA™ Zirconia" multi-layered series, for example, is composed of four multi-layered materials: "KATANA™ Zirconia" HTML PLUS with the highest flexural strength (1,150 MPa) and lowest translucency, "KATANA™ Zirconia" STML with medium strength (748 MPa) and a high translucency, and "KATANA™ Zirconia" UTML with a strength above the level of glass ceramics (557 MPa) and ultra-high translucency. The latest add-on in “KATANA™ Zirconia” portfolio is YML - multi-layered zirconia disc that offers both flexural-strength and translucency gradation. With this portfolio, it is possible to select the right material for every specific need (e.g., high-strength variant for multi-unit restorations, high-translucency variant for anterior crowns). Using the zirconia with a monolithic or minimal vestibular cut-back design and a small layer of porcelain enables us to reduce the wall thickness of the restorations (as compared to a traditional framework design and full porcelain layer). As a consequence, a less invasive tooth preparation is required.

In addition, the design meets the functional needs in terms of low abrasiveness and high toughness, while a sophisticated aesthetic outcome is achieved using micro-layering with the materials contained in the 4.4.1. kit. These can be a winning alternative to traditional ceramic multi-layer solutions, as revealed using the following case example that illustrates the use of the 4.1. technique.

Fig. 1. Digital impression.

Fig. 2. Digital impression taken with the temporary in place.

Fig. 3. Digital model of the prepared teeth imported into the CAD software.

Fig. 4. Digital model of the teeth with temporary imported into the CAD software.

Fig. 5. Designing of four zirconia crowns: Transparent view.

Fig. 6. Designing of four vestibular enamel cutback zirconia crowns.

Dentin structure with internal anatomy

In the present case, "KATANA™ Zirconia" STML, in the shade A2, was selected based on the desired appearance of the final restorations, the colour of the abutment teeth and the space available. The selected design was a minimal vestibular cutback, while the palatal zirconia was left untouched. To replicate the natural aesthetics, we opted for vestibular micro-layering with single luster porcelain and specific internal design of the mamelons.

In order to achieve the best possible aesthetics, it is fundamental to incorporate the internal anatomy into the pre-sintered vestibular surface, and to precisely follow the recommended sintering protocol. Only a flawless sintering procedure will lead to the ideal translucency and correct shade appearance. Following sintering, the surface should be treated with a sandblasting unit (aluminium oxide, particle size 50 μm, pressure 1 to 2 bar).

Fig. 7. Cross-sectional view for a check of the correct thickness.

Fig. 8. Crown made of "KATANA™ Zirconia" STML after sintering.

Fig. 9. Checking the fit of the crowns on the printed working model.

Fig. 10. ILS technique: colour map.

Fig. 11. Application of "CERABIEN™ ZR" Internal Stains.

INTERNAL STAIN ADVANTAGES

• Powder becomes gel and is always ready for use
• The real colours are revealed already before baking
• Optical effects are achieved simply and rapidly
• Excellent adhesion to zirconia is ensured

To improve the mimicry effect, we use the internal light stain technique on the zirconia surface. Incisal Blue one is applied around the mamelons, Mamelon Orange 2 directly on the mamelons for a natural effect. For a calibrated chromaticity, A+ may be added in the cervical area.

Fig. 12. Appearance of the internal stains on the surface after firing.

Fig. 13. Light dynamics after firing.

Fig. 14. Luster layer: Colour map.

Fig. 15. "CERABIEN™ ZR" Luster Porcelain LT1 applied in a micro layer.

Fig. 16. Layering with LT1.

The vestibular body and incisal morphology are completed by adding a single ceramic micro layer of CZR Luster Porcelain LT1.

Before finalizing the restorations, the zirconia surface and texture were optimized with a stone and rubber polishers.

Polishing of the palatal surface was accomplished with Pearl Surface Z diamond paste before a final self-glaze step in the furnace.

Fig. 17. Appearance of the minimal ceramic layer after a single firing procedure.

Fig. 18. Light dynamics after firing.

Fig. 19. Final crowns after mechanical polishing.

Fig. 20. Check on the elements will be carried out on the printed digital model.

Fig. 21. Final situation after cementation.

Fig. 22. Palatal view of the final situation.

Conclusion

Considering aesthetic requirements and case difficulty, today it is possible to adopt different 4.4.1. approaches. In combination with the present generation of multi-layered zirconia, they allow the modern technician to make the best use of digital means to solve complex cases in an easy, effective, and successful manner.

The 4.4.1. system is recommended because it is a selection of materials used in a number of combinations, which help us achieve aesthetically sophisticated outcomes in a feasible, flexible and repeatable way.

For more information about the 4.4.1. system, click here.

Dentist:

DANIELE RONDONI, MDT

• Graduating in 1979, Daniele Rondoni opened a laboratory in 1982, which is also the home of the AAT Community College he founded.
• Teacher and counsellor for the “Italian School for Dental Technicians”at the University of Chieti, University of Sienna and University of Rome Tor Vergata.
• EAED and IAED Active Member and a SICED Associate and O.L.
• International Instructor for Kuraray Noritake Dental products.
• Author of “Tecnica della Multistratificazione in ceramica” (Ceramic Multilayering Technique) and a lab manual about the use of composite materials, introducing his own method – the “Inverted Hardness Layering System”.

Article by Dr. Stefano Daniele.

During bonding procedures for metal-free fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), try-in with specific cement shade matching glycerine paste is necessary for choosing the correct shade of resin-based cement. During try-in, however, saliva and blood could contaminate the bonding surfaces of the ceramic and dental hard tissue. It is essential for the ceramic surface and dental hard-tissue surface to be perfectly clean of bacterial biofilm and other contaminants before adhesive application. Both the procedures ensure efficient bonding and long-term reliability of the adhesive fixed prosthetic intervention.

It is essential for the ceramic surface and dental hard-tissue surface to be perfectly clean.

Cleaning the ceramic bonding surface after try-in

Try-in of metal-free fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) is a key procedure for evaluating the fit of the finishing line of the dental preparation and, for very thin veneers, for matching the resin-based cement to be used to bond the ceramic restorations to the dental hard tissue. Aesthetic features—value in particular—of thin veneers depend on different factors, and one of the most important is the choice of shade of the resin-based cement used under the thin ceramic. To make this procedure easier and repeatable, many manufacturers provide glycerine pastes that have the same colours as those of the corresponding resin-based cements. This pre-bonding procedure of try-in of metal-free FDPs enables the selection of the most appropriate resin-based cement. Glycerine pastes are generally hydrophilic and can be rinsed from the ceramic bonding surface after try-in with an air–water spray, but some contaminants, such as saliva, blood and crevicular fluid, may remain on the surface, and this may affect the efficacy of the bond to the dental hard tissue. Sandblasting contaminated surfaces of metal-free FDPs may be the best choice for removing contaminants from bonding surfaces, but it is important to consider that not all dentists have sandblasting devices in their offices. To this end, Kuraray Noritake Dental launched KATANA™ Cleaner, a specific detergent for decontaminating the bonding surfaces of ceramics that is able to provide complete removal of contaminants from the bonding surfaces of metal-free FDPs after the try-in procedure. A perfectly clean ceramic bonding surface is important for obtaining an effective micromechanical interlocking between glass-ceramic and cement, as well as for allowing the chemical bond reaction between a 10-MDP-based primer and the zirconia bonding surface.

A perfectly clean ceramic bonding surface is important for obtaining an effective micromechanical interlocking between glass-ceramic and cement.

Cleaning the dental hard-tissue bonding surface when sandblasting is not recommended

The dental hard-tissue bonding surface must be clean before bonding metal-free FDPs, and this procedures can be done by sandblasting with a ‘soft’ powder such as erythritol. The focus of this procedure would not be to create an additive retention rate for the ceramic surface, but instead to remove the bacterial biofilm from the dental hard-tissue surface before bonding. Actually, metal-free FDPs are designed to have supra gingival finishing lines. Supra gingival preparation is also important for permitting perfect isolation with a rubber dam. In clinical practice, often the finishing line may be (partly) sub gingival for specific reasons, for example in veneer preparation designed to close diastemas and cervical black triangles between anterior teeth. In those clinical cases, dental dam application may be difficult, and sandblasting dental hard tissue may pose too high a risk of periodontal tissue bleeding. Tissue bleeding near the cervical margin of the preparation before adhesive bonding procedures for metal-free FDPs may affect the seal between the restorative and preparation. These clinical situations indicate the use of cleaning agents rather than sandblasting to clean surfaces before bonding.

Limitations of conventional agents used to clean bonding surfaces

Most conventional cleaning agents are not effective cleaners of ceramic, including zirconia, surfaces of metal-free FDPs and dental hard-tissue surfaces when sandblasting is contra-indicated as described. The following is a short list of the limitations and adverse effects of the main detergents used in clinical practice before bonding procedures:

• Ethanol: It is not a very effective contaminant remover and is not able to remove saliva and blood proteins fully. Often ethanol fixates proteins rather than removing them.
• Sodium hypochlorite: It has good efficacy as a cleaner, including removal of saliva and blood proteins, but may have an adverse impact on bonding procedures owing to its oxidisation properties (free radicals released from a sodium hypochlorite reaction could result in interference with autopolymerisation and light polymerisation of resin monomers).¹
• Hydrogen peroxide: It does not have any contaminantremoving properties and, to a greater extent than sodium hypochlorite, could result in interference with free-radical polymerisation of resin-based materials used for adhesive procedures.
• Chlorhexidine: It does not have any adverse effect but also no capability of removing contaminants.

KATANA™ Cleaner and its specific features

KATANA™ Cleaner is a specific detergent solution for cleaning the surfaces of all kinds of prostheses, either metal based or metal free and for the adherent surfaces of dental hard tissue. KATANA™ Cleaner is for both extra-oral and intra-oral use. The chemical composition of KATANA™ Cleaner includes 10-MDP and a 10-MDP triethanolamine (TEA)-salt in an aqueous solution. 10-MDP-TEA is an emulsifier and surfactant compound able to solubilise many substances not soluble in water and to increase the wetting capacity of those. These chemical features of 10-MDP-TEA allow easier removal of contaminants from surfaces using water spray in order to obtain a clean surface. KATANA™ Cleaner is mainly targeting proteins; saliva, blood and the like. The 10-MDP-TEA-salt is amphiphilic. The non polair part enters the contamination forming micelles. the micelles are easy to rinse of with an air-water spray.

KATANA™ Cleaner is a powerful concentrated cleaner. It has a mild pH of 4,5 thus no adverse etching of the dental hard tissue. The presence of 10-MDP in the solution makes it compatible with all dental bonding agents. KATANA™ Cleaner is a purple-coloured solution, and this feature permits easy and accurate application on all surfaces to be cleaned. An easy flow chart follows that explains the use of KATANA™ Cleaner after try-in with glycerine paste before adhesive cementation of (metal-free) FDPs.

Fig. 1. Using KATANA™ Cleaner on the bonding surfaces of metal-free fixed dental prostheses and dental hard tissue after try-in and before bonding.

Fig. 2. Ceramic partial fixed dental prostheses (veneers) before the try-in.

Fig. 3. Glycerine paste used for the try-in.

Fig. 4. Veneer try-in.

Fig. 5. Use of KATANA™ Cleaner to remove remains of try-in gel and contaminants, such as saliva, from the bonding surfaces of the fixed dental prostheses.

CLINICAL CASE 1

Cleaning of "KATANA™ Zirconia" UTML FDPs after try-in using KATANA™ Cleaner

Fig. 6. "KATANA™ Zirconia" UTML fixed dental prostheses.

Fig. 7. Cleaning the fixed dental prostheses with KATANA™ Cleaner after the try-in.

Fig. 8. Tooth preparation cleaned with KATANA™ Cleaner before adhesive application and resin cementation.

Fig. 9. Fixed dental prostheses in situ at the recall appointment.

CLINICAL CASE 2

Tooth surface cleaning using KATANA™ Cleaner

Fig. 10. Ceramic partial fixed dental prostheses (veneers) before try-in and bonding procedures.

Fig. 11. Cleaning of the dental hard-tissue bonding surfaces in a clinical situation where sandblasting was not recommended owing to the high risk of periodontal soft-tissue bleeding.

Fig. 12. Bonded partial fixed dental prostheses at the recall appointment.

Fig. 13. Perioral aspect of the veneers during smiling.

Dentist:

DR STEFANO DANIELE

Dr Stefano Daniele received his dentistry degree from the University of Milan in Italy in 2001. He is in private practice in Milan and is an academic tutor in restorative dentistry in the Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Milan and is located at the San Paolo hospital in Milan. He was a visiting professor at the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” in Novara in Italy, teaching restorative dentistry and dental materials until 2013.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to master dental technician Daniele Rondoni for the fabrication of the metal-free FDPs.

Reference

1. Lai SC, Mak YF, Cheung GS, Osorio R, Toledano M, Carvalho RM, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Reversal of compromised bonding to oxidized etched dentin. J Dent Res. 2001 Oct;80(10):1919–24. doi: 10.1177/00220345010800101101.

One Cement. All indications. One prime procedure.

Just imagine cementing all of your prosthetics with one predictable procedure.

This PANAVIA™ V5 video demonstrates the work flows for: 

- Zirconia crown cementation
- Laminate veneer cementation

Did you know that proteins compromising the bond strength of adhesive systems often remain on the preparation and the intaglio of the restoration after try-in?

You can efficiently and effectively remove them with KATANA™ Cleaner, as confirmed by the evaluators of REALITY Ratings & Reviews.

Read the review to learn more about the product’s performance in the clinical environment.

Content Highlights:

• Product overview
• Strengths and Weaknesses
• Scientific report

Start Reading: REALITY | RATINGS & REVIEWS | KATANA Cleaner

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If you opt for CLEARFIL MAJESTY™ ES-2 Universal shade concept, a few shades will do the trick.

Check out the video and discover how only two shades (UL and UD) can be an answer to all of your restorations in the aesthetically more demanding anterior region.

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How many different shades of composite do you need to create appealing restorations in virtually every clinical situation?

If you opt for CLEARFIL MAJESTY™ ES-2 Universal shade concept, a few shades will do the trick.

Check out the video and see that 1 single universal shade (U) can successfully be the go-to solution for all of your posterior restorations, independent of the colour of the underlying and adjacent tooth structure.

That’s what we call Intelligent Simplification.

New bottle design for an even more convenient handling.

PANAVIA™ V5 is the strongest and most aesthetic resin cement Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc. has ever developed. This does not leave much room for improvement. Nevertheless, Kuraray Noritake Dental has found a way to make this excellent cementation system even better. By changing the bottle design of PANAVIA™ V5 Tooth Primer and CLEARFIL™ CERAMIC PRIMER PLUS, the company provides for simplified handling, improved hygiene and minimized material waste.

The new bottles have a compact body and a flip-top cap designed for easy opening, dispensing and closing with just one hand. A unique nozzle is responsible for controlled dispensing of the tooth primer and the ceramic primer, which leads to minimal material waste during application. Drop control also leaves the surfaces clean after use, which facilitates hygiene measures that are now more important than ever before. Together, these design features make the dental practitioner’s life a lot easier in the busy practice environment, while providing for clean and safe dental procedures that support a high quality of care.

An exceptionally high quality of care is already a major reason for dental practitioners around the world to opt for PANAVIA™ V5: the true dual-cure, fluoride-releasing, colour-stable, universal resin cement provides self-cure dentin bond strengths that are equal to those achieved by CLEARFIL™ SE BOND, a gold-standard light-curing bonding agent. The exceptionally high bond strengths obtained not only on dentin, but also on enamel in the self-cure mode are due to innovative catalysts in the MDP-based PANAVIA™ V5 Tooth Primer. The also MDP-based CLEARFIL™ CERAMIC PRIMER PLUS, on the other side, develops an exceptionally strong and long-lasting bond to all silica-based ceramics, zirconia, composites and metals.This makes PANAVIA™ V5 the go-to solution for all types of indirect restorations.

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